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| Selected Reading |
 Aamir UB, Wernery U, Ilyushina N, et al. Characterization of avian H9N2 influenza viruses from United Arab Emirates 2000 to 2003. Virology 2007 Apr 25;361(1):45-55 [Abstract]
Abbate R, Di Giuseppe G, Marinelli P, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of avian influenza, poultry workers, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Nov;12(11) (published online Oct 13) [Full text]
Abbott A. Chicken flu races through Dutch poultry farms. Nature 2003 Mar 20;422(6929):247 [Full text]
Acambis. Acambis enters flu vaccine arena with launch of flu vaccine development programme. Aug 4, 2005 [Full Text]
Al-Azemi A, Bahl J, Al-Zenki S, et al. Avian influenza A virus (H5N1) outbreaks, Kuwait, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Jun;14(6):958-62 [Full text]
Alexander DJ. Should we change the definition of avian influenza for eradication purposes? Avian Dis. 2003;47(3 Suppl):976-81 [Abstract]
Alibek K, Liu G. Biodefense shield and avian influenza. (Letter) Emerg Infect Dis 2006 May;12(5):873-5 [Full text]
Altiok E, Taylan F, Yenen OS, et al. Mutations in influenza A virus (H5N1) and possible limited spread, Turkey, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Mar;14(3) (published online Feb 4) [Full text]
Aly MM, Arafa A, Hassan MK. Epidemiological findings of outbreaks of disease caused by highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in poultry in Egypt during 2006. Avian Dis 2008 Jun;52(2):269-77 [Abstract]
American Council on Science and Health. Avian influenza, or bird flu: what you need to know. Mar 2006 [Full text]
Ao Z, Patel A, Tran K, et al. Characterization of a trypsin-dependent avian influenza H5N1-pseudotyped HIV vector system for high throughput screening of inhibitory molecules. Antiviral Res 2008 Jul;97(1):12-18 [Abstract]
Apisarnthanarak A, Erb S, Stephenson I, et al. Seroprevalence of anti-H5 antibody among Thai health care workers after exposure to avian influenza (H5N1) in a tertiary care center. Clin Infect Dis 2004 Jan 15;40(2):e16-8 [Full text]
Apisarnthanarak A, Kitphati R, Thongphubeth K, et al. Atypical avian influenza (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Jul;10(7):1321-4 [Full text]
Apisarnthanarak A, Puthavathana P, Kitphati R, et al. Avian influenza H5N1 screening of intensive care unit patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12(11) (published online Oct 5) [Full text]
Apisarnthanarak A, Warren DK, Fraser VJ. Issues relevant to the adoption and modification of hospital infection-control recommendations for avian influenza (H5N1 infection) in developing countries. Clin Infect Dis 2007 Nov 15;45(10):1338-42 [Abstract]
Areechokchai D, Jiraphongsa C, Laosiritaworn Y, et al. Investigation of avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak in humans: Thailand, 2004. MMWR 2006 Apr 28;55(Suppl 1):3-6 [Full text]
Arizona Department of Health Services. Modern Methods for Influenza Detection and Sub-typing [PowerPoint presentation]
ASTHO. Nature's terrorist attack: pandemic influenza. Preparedness planning for state health officials. Nov 2002 [Full text]
Atmar RL, Keitel WA, Patel SM, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of nonadjuvanted and MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H9N2 vaccine preparations. Clin Infect Dis 2006 Nov 1;43(9):1135?42 [Abstract]
Auewarakul P, Sangsiriwut K, Chaichoune K, et al. Surveillance for reassortant virus by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR specific for eight genomic segments of avian influenza A H5N1 viruses. J Clin Microbiol 2007 May;45(5):1637-9 [Abstract]
Auewarakul P, Suptawiwat O, Kongchanagul A, et al. An avian influenza H5N1 virus that binds to a human-type receptor. J Virol 2007 Sep;81(18):9950-5 [Abstract]
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Influenza laboratory case definition [Full text]
Ayyalasomayajula S, DeLaurentis DA, Moore GE, et al. A network model of H5N1 avian influenza transmission dynamics in domestic cats. Zoonoses Public Health 2008 (published online Jul 9) [Abstract]
Balicer RD, Reznikovich S, Berman E, et al. Tackling a multifocal avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Oct;13(10):1601-3 [Full text]
Bansal S, Pourbohloul B, Meyers LA. A comparative analysis of influenza vaccination programs. PLoS Med 2006 Oct;3(10) [Full text]
Baras B, Stittelaar KJ, Simon JH, et al. Cross-protection against lethal H5N1 challenge in ferrets with an adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine. PLoS ONE 2008 Jan 2;3(1):e1401 [Full text]
Barbazan P, Thitithanyanont A, Misse D, et al. Detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus from mosquitoes collected in an infected poultry farm in Thailand. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008 Feb;8(1):105-110 [Abstract]
Barennes HM, Martinez-Aussel B, Vongphrachanh P, et al. Avian influenza risk perceptions, Laos. (Letter) Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Jul;13(7):1126-8 [Full text]
Barrett R, Brown PJ. Stigma in the time of influenza: social and institutional responses to pandemic emergencies. J Infect Dis 2008 Feb 15;197(S1):S34-7 [Abstract]
Bartlett JG. Planning for avian influenza. Ann Intern Med 2006 Jul 18;145(2) (published online Jun 27) [Full text]
Basler CF, Aguilar PV. Progress in identifying virulence determinants of the 1918 H1N1 and Southeast Asian H5N1 influenza viruses. Antiviral Res 2008 Sep;78(3):166-78 [Abstract]
Beato MS, Toffan A, De Nardi R, et al. A conventional, inactivated oil emulsion vaccine suppresses shedding and prevents viral meat colonisation in commercial (Pekin) ducks challenged with HPAI H5N1. Vaccine 2007 May 16;25(20):4064-72 [Abstract]
Beigel J, Bray M. Current and future antiviral therapy of severe seasonal and avian influenza. Antiviral Res 2008 Apr;78(1):91-102 [Abstract]
Belser JA, Blixt O, Chen LM, et al. Contemporary North American influenza H7 viruses possess human receptor specificity: implications for virus transmissibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2008 (published online May 27) [Full text]
Belser JA, Lu X, Maines TR, et al. Pathogenesis of avian influenza (H7) virus infection in mice and ferrets: enhanced virulence of Eurasian H7N7 viruses isolated from humans. J Virol 2007 Oct;81(20):11139-47 [Abstract]
Belser JA, Lu X, Szretter KJ, et al. DAS181, a novel sialidase fusion protein, protects mice from lethal avian influenza H5N1 virus infection. J Infect Dis 2007 Nov 15;196(10):1493-9 [Abstract]
Benitez MA. Hong Kong's health policies focus on containing avian influenza. Lancet 2003 Jan 25;361(9354):318
Bernstein DI, Edwards KM, Dekker CL, et al. Effects of adjuvants on the safety and immunogenicity of an avian influenza H5N1 vaccine in adults. J Infect Dis 2008 Mar 1;197(suppl 2):667-75 [Abstract]
Bertelsen MF, Klausen J, Holm E, et al. Serological response to vaccination against avian influenza in zoo-birds using an inactivated H5N9 vaccine. Vaccine 2007 May 30;25(22):4345-9 [Abstract]
Boender GJ, Hagenaars TJ, Bouma A, et al. Risk maps for the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry. PLoS Comp Biol 2007 Apr;3(4):e71 [Full text]
Bogner P, Capua I, Cox, NJ, et al. A global initiative on sharing avian flu data. Nature 2006 (Published online Aug 24) [Full text]
Boltz DA, Douangngeun B, Sinthasak S, et al. H5N1 influenza viruses in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Oct;12(10):1593-5 [Full text]
Boltz DA, Rehg JE, McClaren J, et al. Oseltamivir prophylactic regimens prevent H5N1 influenza morbidity and mortality in a ferret model. J Infect Dis 2008 May 1;197(9):1315-23 [Abstract]
Boon ACM, Sandbulte MR, Seiler P, et al. Role of terrestrial wild birds in ecology of influenza A virus (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Nov:1720-4 [Full text]
Bose ME, Littrell JC, Patzer AD, et al. The influenza primer design resource: a new tool for translating influenza sequence data into effective diagnostics. Influenza Other Resp Viruses 2008 Jan;2(1):23-31 [Abstract]
Bosman A, Meijer A, Koopmans M. Final analysis of Netherlands avian influenza outbreaks reveals much higher levels of transmission to humans than previously thought. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2005 Jan 6;10(1) [Full text]
Boyce W. Earth monitoring: vigilance is not enough. Nature 2007 Dec 6;450(7171):791-2 [Full text]
Bresson JL, Perrone C, Launay O, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated split-virion influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) vaccine: phase I randomised trial. Lancet 2006 May 20;367(9523):1657-64 [Abstract]
Brett AS, Zuger A. The run on Tamiflu: should physicians prescribe on demand? (Perspective) N Engl J Med 2005 Dec 22;353(24):2636-7 [Full text]
Bright RA, Carter DM, Crevar CJ, et al. Cross-clade protective immune responses to influenza viruses with H5N1 HA and NA elicited by an influenza virus-like particle. PLoS ONE 2008 Jan 30;3(1):e1501 [Full text]
Bright RA, Medina M, Xu X, et al. Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. Lancet 2005 Oct 1;366(9492):1175-81 [Abstract]
Brown C, Horstick O, Naville F, et al. Avian influenza outbreaks in the WHO European region and public health actions. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2005 Oct 27;10(10) [Full text]
Brown C, Paget J, Meijer A. Avian influenza: current situation in southeast Asia and impact on Europe. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2005 Jan 20 [Full text]
Brown JD, Stallknecht DE, Beck JR, et al. Susceptibility of North American ducks and gulls to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Nov;12(11) (published online Oct 13) [Full text]
Brown JD, Stallknecht DE, Swayne DE. Experimental infection of swans and geese with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) of Asian lineage. Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Jan;14(1):136-42 (published online Dec 21) [Full text]
Brown JD, Stallknecht DE, Swayne DE. Experimental infections of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses by intranasal inoculation of virus and ingestion of virus infected chicken meat. Avian Pathol 2008 Aug;37(4):393-7 [Abstract]
Brownstein JS, Wolfe CJ, Mandl KD. Empirical evidence for the effect of airline travel on inter-regional influenza spread in the United States. PLoS Med 2006 Oct;3(10):e401 [Full text]
Budd A, Alleva L, Alsharifi M, et al. Increased survival after gemfibrozil treatment of severe mouse influenza. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007 Aug;51(8):2965-8 [Abstract]
Bui HH, Peters B, Assarsson E, et al. Ab and T cell epitopes of influenza A virus, knowledge and opportunities. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2007 Jan 2;104(1):246-51 [Abstract]
Butler D. Q&A: Siti Fadilah Supari. Nature 2007 Dec 20;450(7173):1137 [Full text]
Call SA, Vollenweider MA, Hornung CA, et al. Does this patient have influenza? JAMA 2005 Feb 23;293(8):987-97 [Astract]
Cameron CM, Cameron MJ, Bermejo-Martin JF, et al. Gene expression analysis of host innate immune responses during lethal H5N1 infection in ferrets. J Virol 2008 (published online Aug 6) [Abstract]
Campitelli L, Di Martino A, Spagnolo D, et al. Molecular analysis of avian H7 influenza viruses circulating in Eurasia in 1999-2005: detection of multiple reassortant virus genotypes. J Gen Virol 2008 Jan;89(1):48-59 [Abstract]
Capua I, Alexander DJ. Avian influenza: recent developments. Avian Pathol. 2004 Aug;33(4):393-404 [Abstract]
Capua I, Alexander DJ. Ecology, epidemiology and human health implications of avian influenza viruses: why do we need to share genetic data? Zoonoses Publ Health 2008 Feb;55(1):2-15 [Abstract]
Capua I, Marangon S. Control and prevention of avian influenza in an evolving scenario. Vaccine 2007 Jul 26;25(30):5645-52 [Abstract]
Capua I, Marangon S. Control of avian influenza in poultry. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Sep 2006;12(9) [Full text]
Capua I, Marangon S. The use of vaccination to combat mutiple introductions of notifiable avian influenza viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes between 2000 and 2006 in Italy. Vaccine 2007 Jun 28;25(27):4987-95 [Abstract]
Capua I, Marangon S. Vaccination in the control of avian influenza in the EU. Vet Rec 2003 Mar 1;152(9):271
Cattoli G, Terregino C. New perspectives in avian influenza diagnosis. Zoonoses Publ Health 2008 Feb;55(1):24-8 [Abstract]
CDC. Avian Influenza A Viruses [Webpage]
CDC. Cases of influenza A (H5N1): Thailand, 2004. MMWR 2004 Feb 13;53(5):100-3 [Full text]
CDC. Information about influenza A H7 viruses. Feb 12, 2004 [Full text]
CDC. Interim CDC-NIH recommendation for raising the biosafety level for laboratory work involving noncontemporary human influenza (H2N2) viruses. Excerpted from draft: Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. Ed 5. May 3, 2005 [Full text]
CDC. Interim guidance about avian influenza A (H5N1) for U.S. citizens living abroad. Updated frequently [Full text]
CDC. Interim guidance for airline cleaning crew, maintenance crew, and baggage/package and cargo handlers for airlines returning from areas affected by avian influenza A (H5N1). Updated frequently [Full text]
CDC. Interim guidance for airline flight crews and persons meeeting passengers arriving from areas with avian influenza. Published Feb 18, 2004; updated frequently [Web page]
CDC. Interim guidance for protection of persons involved in U.S. avian influenza outbreak disease control and eradication activities. Feb 17, 2004 [Full text]
CDC. Interim guidance for states conducting avian mortality surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) and/or highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. Released Aug 23, 2006 [Full text]
CDC. Interim recommendations for infection control in health-care facilities caring for patients with known or suspected avian influenza [Webpage]
CDC. Interim recommendations for persons with possible exposure to avian influenza during outbreaks among poultry in the United States. Feb 24, 2004 [Web page]
CDC. Key facts about avian influenza (bird flu) and avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Updated Dec 28, 2005 [Full text]
CDC. Lab diagnosis. [Webpage]
CDC. New laboratory assay for diagnostic testing of avian influenza A/H5 (Asian lineage). MMWR 2006 Feb 3;55(Early release):1 [Full text]
CDC. Outbreak notice: Human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in Asia. Travel recommendations. Published Sep 23, 2005; updated frequently [Full text]
CDC. Traveler's health: Illness abroad [Webpage]
CDC. Traveler's health: Traveler's health kit [Webpage]
CDC. Travelers' Health [Webpage]
CDC. Update on influenza A(H5N1) and SARS: Interim recommendations for enhanced U.S. surveillance, testing, and infection controls [Full text]
CDC. Updated interim guidance for laboratory testing of persons with suspected infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in the United States. Jun 7, 2006 [Full text]
Chan MC, Cheung CY, Chui WH, et al. Proinflammatory cytokine responses induced by influenza A (H5N1) viruses in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res 2005 Nov 11;6(1) [Full text]
Chan PK. Outbreak of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in Hong Kong in 1997. Clin Infec Dis 2002;34:Suppl 2:S58-S64
Chandrasekaran A, Srinivasan A, Raman R, et al. Glycan topology determines human adaptation of avian H5N1 virus hemagglutinin. Nat Biotechnol 2008 Jan;26(1):107-13 [Abstract]
Chen GW, Chang SC, Mok CK, et al. Genomic signatures of human versus avian influenza A viruses. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Sep;12(9):1353-60 [Full text]
Chen H, Deng G, Li Z, et al. The evolution of H5H1 influenza viruses in ducks in southern China. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004 Jul 13;101(28):10452-7 [Full text]
Chen H, Smith GJ, Li KS, et al. Establishment of multiple sublineages of H5N1 influenza virus in Asia: implications for pandemic control. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2006 (published online Feb 10) [Abstract]
Chen H, Smith GJ, Zhang SY, et al. Avian flu: H5N1 virus outbreak in migratory waterfowl. Nature 2005 Jul 14;436(7048):191-2 [First paragraph]
Chen J, Chen SCY, Stern P, et al. Genetic strategy to prevent influenza virus infections in animals. J Infect Dis 2008 Feb 15;197(S1):S25-8 [Abstract]
Chen JM, Chen JW, Dai JJ, et al. A survey of human cases of H5N1 avian influenza reported by the WHO before June 2006 for infection control. Am J Infect Control 2007 Jun;35(5);351-3 [Abstract]
Chen LM, Davis CT, Zhou H, et al. Genetic compatibility and virulence of reassortants derived from contemporary avian H5N1 and human H3N2 influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog 2008 May 23;4(5):e1000072 [Full text]
Chen X, Smith GJD, Zhou B, et al. Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in a patient in China, 2006. Influenza Other Resp Viruses 2007 Sep/Nov;1(5-6):207-13 [Full text]
Cheng LS, Amaro RE, Xu D, et al. Ensemble-based virtual screening reveals potential novel antiviral compounds for avian influenza neuraminidase. J Med Chem 2008 (published online Jun 18) [Abstract]
Cheng X, Wu C, He J, et al. Serological and genetic characterization analyses of a highly pathogenic influenza virus (H5N1) islolated from an infected man in Shenzhen. J Med Virol 2008 Apr 21;80(6):1058-64 [Abstract]
Cheung C-L, Rayner JM, Smith GJD, et al. Distribution of amantadine-resistant H5N1 avian influenza variants in Asia. J Infect Dis Jun 15 2006;193(12):1626-9 [Abstract]
Cheung CL, Vijaykrishna D, Smith GJD, et al. Establishment of influenza A virus (H6N1) in minor poultry species in Southern China. J Virol 2007 Oct;81(19):10402-12 [Abstract]
Choi YK, Ozaki H, Webby RJ, et al. Continuing evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses in southeastern China. J Virol 2004 Aug;78(16):8609-14 [Abstract]
Chotpitayasunondh T, Ungchusak K, Hanshaoworakul W, et al. Human disease from influenza A (H5N1), Thailand, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 2005 Feb;11(2) [Full text]
Christian MD, Hawryluck L, Wax RS, et al. Development of a triage protocol for critical care during an influenza pandemic. CMAJ 2006 Nov 21;175(11):1377-81 [Full text]
Chutinimitkul S, Bhattarakosol P, Srisuratanon S, et al. H5N1 influenza A virus and infected human plasma. (Letter) Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Jun;12(6 [Full text]
Chutinimitkul S, Songserm T, Amonsin A, et al. New strain of influenza A virus (H5N1), Thailand. (Letter) Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Mar;13(3) (published online Feb 15) [Full text]
Cinatl J Jr, Michaelis M, Doerr HW. The threat of avian influenza A (H5N1). Part IV: development of vaccines. Med Microbiol Immunol 2007 (published online Jun 1) [Abstract]
Coiras MT, Perez-Brena P, Garcia ML, et al. Simultaneous detection of influenza A, B, and C viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses in clinical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested-PCR assay. J Med Virol 2003 Jan;69(1):132-44 [Abstract]
Collins PJ, Haire LF, Lin YP, et al. Crystal structures of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus neuraminidase mutants. Nature 2008 Jun 26;453(7199):1258-61 [Abstract]
Collins RA, Ko LS, Fung KY, et al Rapid and sensitive detection of avian influenza virus subtype H7 using NASBA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 Jan 10;300(2):507-15 [Abstract]
Conenello GM, Zamarin D, Perrone LA, et al. A single mutation in the PB1-F2 of H5N1 (HK/97) and 1918 influenza A viruses contributes to increased virulence. PLoS Pathog 2007 Oct 5;3(10):e141 [Full text]
Coombes R. Hunting down the H5N1 virus. BMJ 2007 Feb 17;342(7589):342-3 [Abstract]
Couacy-Hymann, Danho T, Keita D, et al. The first specific detection of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in Ivory Coast. Zoonoses Public Health 2008 (published online Aug 14) [Abstract]
Crofts J, Paget J, Karcher F. H5N1 avian influenza virus: human cases reported in southern China. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2003 Feb 9;7(9) [Full text]
Curran MS, Ellis JS, Wreghitt TG, et al. Establishment of a UK National Influenza H5 Laboratory Network. J Med Microbiol 2007 Oct;56(10):1263-7 [Full text]
Dalla Pozza M, Ceolin C, Marangon S. Emergency response following suspicion of an avian influenza outbreak. Zoonoses Publ Health 2008 Feb;55(1):50-3 [Abstract]
Dawson ED, Moore CL, Smagala JA, et al. MChip: a tool for influenza surveillance. Anal Chem Nov 15;78(22):7610-5 [Abstract]
De Clercq E. Antiviral agents active against influenza A viruses. Nature Rev Drug Disc 2006 Dec;5(12):1015-25 [Abstract]
De Jong MD, Simmons CP, Thanh TT, et al. Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. (Letter) Nat Med 2006 Oct:12(10):1203-7 [Abstract]
De Jong MD, Thanh TT, Khank TH, et al. Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection. N Engl J Med 2005 Dec 22;353(24):2667-72 [Full text]
De Jong MD, Van Cam B, Qui PT, et al. Fatal avian influenza A (H5N1) in a child presenting with diarrhea followed by coma. N Engl J Med 2005 Feb 17;352:686-91 [Abstract]
de Zwart O, Veldhuijzen IK, Elam G, et al. Avian influenza risk perception, Europe and Asia. Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Feb;13(2) (published online Jan 10) [Full text]
DEFRA (UK Dept for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs). H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak, Holton, Suffolk, February 2007: lessons to be learned report. Released Oct 11, 2007 (but dated Aug 3) [Full text]
DEFRA (UK Dept for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs). Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in wild swans in Dorset. Epidemiology report released Jan 30, 2008 [Full text]
DEFRA (UK Dept for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs). Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza in Suffolk in January 2007: A Report of the Epidemiological Findings by the National Emergency Epidemiology Group, Defra. Released Apr 19, 2007 [Full text]
Dent JE, Kao R, Kiss IZ, et al. Contact structures in the poultry industry in Great Britain: exploring transmission routes for a potential avian influenza virus epidemic. BMC Vet Res 2008 Jul 23;4:27 [Abstract - with link to full text]
Deyde VM, Xu X, Bright RA, et al. Surveillance of resistance to adamantanes among influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) viruses isolated worldwide. J Infect Dis 2007 Jul 15;196(2):249-57 [Full text]
Di Giuseppe G, Abbate R, Albano L, et al. A survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards avian influenza in an adult population of Italy. BMC Infect Dis 2008 Mar 17;8:36 [Abstract, with link to full text]
DiNapoli JM, Yang L, Suguitan A Jr, et al. Immunization of primates with a Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccine via the respiratory tract induces a high titer of serum neutralizing antibodies against highly pathogenic avian influenza. J Virol 2007 Nov;81(21):11560-8 [Abstract]
Dinh PN, Long HT, Tien NTK, et al. Risk factors for human infection with avian influenza A H5N1, Vietnam, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12(12) (published online Oct 25) [Full text]
Dolberg F. Emergency regional support for post-avian influenza rehabilitation. From FAO. Feb 2005 [Full text]
Du QS, Wang SQ, Chou KC. Analogue inhibitors by modifying oseltamivir based on the crystal neuraminidase structure for treating drug-resistant H5N1 virus. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 2007 (published online Aug 13) [Abstract]
Duan L, Campitelli L, Fan XH, et al. Characterization of low-pathogenic H5 subtype influenza viruses from Eurasia: implications for the origin of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. J Virol 2007 Jul;81(14):7529-39 [Abstract]
Ducatez MF, Olinger CM, Owoade AA, et al. Avian flu: multiple introductions of H5N1 in Nigeria. (Brief Communications) Nature 2006 Jul 6;442(7098):37 [Full text]
Ducatez MF, Olinger CM, Owoade AA, et al. Molecular and antigenic evolution and geographical spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in western Africa. J Gen Virol 2007 Aug;88(8):2297-306 [Abstract]
Ducatez MF, Tarnagda Z, Tahita MC, et al. Genetic characterization of HPAI (H5N1) viruses from poultry and wild vultures, Burkina Faso. Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Apr;13(4) (published online Mar 19) [Full text]
Dugan VG, Chen R, Spiro DJ, et al. The evolutionary genetics and emergence of avian influenza viruses in wild birds. PLoS Pathog 2008 May 30;4(5):e1000076 [Full text]
Economist staff. Bird flu in Asia: coming home to roost? Economist 2007 (published online Jan 25) [Full text]
Editorial team. Avian influenza A/(H7N2) outbreak in the United Kingdom. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2007 May 31;12(5):E070531.2 [Full text]
Edwards JC, Kang J, Silenas R. Promoting regional disaster preparedness among rural hospitals. J Rural Health 2008 Summer;24(3):321-5 [Abstract]
Edwards S. OFFLU network on avian influenza. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Aug;12(8) [Full text]
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Animal health and welfare aspects of avian influenza and the risk of its introduction into the EU poultry holdings--scientific opinion of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare. Report released May 7, 2008 [Full text]
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Update on avian influenza and food safety. Oct 26, 2005 [Press release]
Ehrlich HJ, Muller M, Oh HML, et al. A clinical trial of a whole-virus H5N1 vaccine derived from cell culture. N Engl J Med 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2573-84 [Full text]
Eichelberger M, Golding H, Hess M, et al. FDA/NIH/WHO public workshop on immune correlates of protection against influenza A viruses in support of pandemic vaccine development, Bethesda, Maryland, US, December 10-11, 2007. Vaccine 2008 Aug 12;26(34):4299-303 [Abstract]
Ellis JS, Smith JW, Braham S, et al. Design and validation of an H5 TaqMan real-time one-step reverse transcription-PCR and confirmatory assays for diagnosis and verification of influenza A virus H5 infections in humans. J Clin Microbiol 2007 May;45(5):1535-43 [Abstract]
Enserink M. Influenza: tense meeting produces some hope for flu-sharing deal. Science 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1361 [Abstract]
Escorcia M, Vazquez L, Mendez ST, et al. Avian influenza: genetic evolution under vaccination pressure. Virol J 2008 Jan;5:15 (published online Jan 24) [Abstract]
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Influenza Team. H5N1 infections in cats: public health implications. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2006 Apr 13;11(4) [Full text]
European Centre for Disease Surveillance and Control. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1--update and overview of 2006. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2006 Dec 21;11(12):E061221.1 [Full text]
European Commission. Timeline of actions by the EC on avian influenza and human flu pandemic preparedness. Aug 25, 2005 [Full text]
Eurosurveillance Editorial Team. Preventing introduction and spread of avian influenza among bird flocks in Europe: recommendations by European Animal Health Panel. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2005 Sep 29;10(9) [Full text]
Fang LQ, de Vlas SJ, Liang S, et al. Environmental factors contributing to the spread of H5N1 avian influenza in mainland China. PLoS ONE 2008 May 28;3(5):e2268 [Full text]
FAO. Avian influenza background. Animal Health Special Report (Includes map of poultry density in Southeast Asia) [Web page]
FAO. Avian influenza in cats should be closely monitored. Recommendations released Feb 8, 2007 [Full text]
FAO. Bird flu situation in Indonesia critical. Report released Mar 18, 2008 [Full text]
FAO. Enhancing control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in developing countries through compensation: issues and good practice. Nov 27, 2006 [Full text]
FAO. H5N1 in cats. Mar 7, 2006 [Full text]
FAO. Potential risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) spreading through wild water bird migration. FAOAIDEnews 2005 Sep 1;33 [Full text]
FAO. Understanding avian influenza. Overview released Apr 7, 2008 [Full text]
FAO. Update on the avian influenza situation. AIDE News 2006 Jun 19, Issue no. 40 [Full text]
FAO/WHO. Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks in poultry and in humans: food safety implications. Nov 4, 2005 [Full text]
Fasina FO, Bisschop SP, Joannis TM, et al. Molecular characterization and epidemiology of the highly pathogenic avian influenza in H5N1 in Nigeria. Epidemiol Infect 2008 (published online Jul 17) [Abstract]
Fasina FO, Bisschop SP, Webster RG. Avian influenza H5N1 in Africa: an epidemiological twist. Lancet Infect Dis 2007 Nov;7(11):696-7 [Full text]
Fasina FO, Meseko AC, Joannis TM, et al. Control versus no control: options for avian influenza H5N1 in Nigeria. Zoonoses Public Health 2007 Jun;54(5):173-6 [Abstract]
FDA. FDA approves first U.S. vaccine for humans against the avian influenza virus H5N1. Apr 17, 2007, press release [Full text]
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